Claim LD10-HQ-C25 (v1.0)
Label effects are context-dependent: one 2026 experiment found simple AI-authorship labels did not reduce persuasion of policy messages, while experiments on misleading synthetic images found warning labels reduced belief.
Provenance and status
- Claim type
- ESTIMATE + INTERPRETATION (as printed: “ESTIMATE / INTERPRETATION”)
- Publication status
- ELIGIBLE (CONTEXT) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH CONTEXT QUALIFIER”)
- Verification state
- CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY (as printed: “CONTENT VERIFIED”; verified by: UNKNOWN)
- Does not license
- Labels always work or labels never work
- Source (field 6, as printed)
- Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026; PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study
- Source type (field 7)
- PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (as printed: “Peer-reviewed experiments”)
- Institutional position
- Independent academic
- Maturity (claim evidence / publication maturity)
- EMERGING (as printed: “EMERGING”)
- Recorded date
- 2026-09-25
- Currentness / correction
- This is the current version. No correction or concern relation is recorded on its Sources.
Version
Pinned version v1.0 (entry LD10-HQ-C25--v1.0) — this page never floats to newer evidence.
This pinned version is also the current version.
Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)
- “Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026” → SRC-LD10-GALLEGOS-PNAS-NEXUS-2026--v1.0 — Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026; class PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (explicit public provenance pin)
- “PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study” → SRC-LD10-PNAS-NEXUS-2025-MISLEADING-IMAGE-LABELS--v1.0 — PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study; class PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (explicit public provenance pin)
Read the originals
- SRC-LD10-GALLEGOS-PNAS-NEXUS-2026: open the original
All 25 canonical Claim fields (raw values and normalized values)
| # | Canonical field | Canonical value (verbatim) | Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CLAIM ID | LD10-HQ-C25 | — |
| 2 | PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM | Label effects are context-dependent: one 2026 experiment found simple AI-authorship labels did not reduce persuasion of policy messages, while experiments on misleading synthetic images found warning labels reduced belief. | — |
| 3 | CLAIM TYPE | ESTIMATE / INTERPRETATION | base_types: ESTIMATE, INTERPRETATION |
| 4 | RESEARCH STRAND | F/E — Governance & trust | — |
| 5 | MATURITY | EMERGING | states: EMERGING |
| 6 | SOURCE | Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026; PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study | source_ids: SRC-LD10-GALLEGOS-PNAS-NEXUS-2026, SRC-LD10-PNAS-NEXUS-2025-MISLEADING-IMAGE-LABELS |
| 7 | SOURCE TYPE | Peer-reviewed experiments | classes: PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE |
| 8 | INSTITUTIONAL POSITION | Independent academic | — |
| 9 | SCOPE | U.S. survey experiments; text and misleading images | — |
| 10 | DESIGN | Preregistered survey experiments | — |
| 11 | SAMPLE / DATASET | Gallegos policy-message study; image-label studies n=7,579 | — |
| 12 | MODEL / TOOL / VERSION | AI-generated text/images | — |
| 13 | COMPARATOR | AI label, human label, no label; warning-label variants | — |
| 14 | MAIN RESULT | Simple authorship label had no significant persuasion effect in policy-text study; image warnings reduced belief | — |
| 15 | INFERENTIAL TARGET | Heterogeneity of label effectiveness by intervention/content/outcome | — |
| 16 | DOES NOT LICENSE | Labels always work or labels never work | — |
| 17 | VERIFICATION STATE | CONTENT VERIFIED | state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · verified_by: UNKNOWN |
| 18 | LIMITATIONS | Survey settings; label designs differ | — |
| 19 | CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES | EU law is a transparency condition, not an efficacy result | — |
| 20 | GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE | US / English | — |
| 21 | DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER | Label comprehension/effectiveness may vary across groups and contexts | — |
| 22 | R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS | D6, D7, D4b, R-2 | — |
| 23 | WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM? | Field trials or different provenance/harm-warning designs | — |
| 24 | PUBLICATION STATUS | ELIGIBLE WITH CONTEXT QUALIFIER | state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: CONTEXT |
| 25 | RECORDED DATE | 2026-09-25 | — |
Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: D6 (DOMAIN); D7 (DOMAIN); D4b (SUB_AREA); R-2 (LENS)
Cited by Living Debate versions
Research-of-record provenance
Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 b7713913656b44f517b686913e7ad6dc39319cb682cc698e15978dcda388427b.
Frozen Drive-derived inputs
- R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID
1f9tgGnqv80_UyhW0kCgcnTgWNPlx-DYM; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified ; block “ENTRY 25 — LD10-HQ-C25 ” SHA-256b867855769c65c848c24859c0ef1760fec7360a75f9dbad88e7644aa96f62e08; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixturefixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical.
Builder decisions (not Drive data)
- VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the canonical ledger artifact version (R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0); Implementation Architecture Selection §5 logical_id/version convention.
- CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status for "R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED": "CURRENT."
- FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-LD10-GALLEGOS-PNAS-NEXUS-2026--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 25 — LD10-HQ-C25 cites "Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026"; the frozen field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's ledger block (fixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical); Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S18): R07 Batch 03 lines 121, 123; ledger C25 fields 6/7/8; KEY EVIDENCE line 944 of the locked LD-10 Living Debate.
- FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-LD10-PNAS-NEXUS-2025-MISLEADING-IMAGE-LABELS--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 25 — LD10-HQ-C25 cites "PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study"; the frozen field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's ledger block (fixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical); Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S19): R07 Batch 03 lines 137, 139; ledger C25 fields 6/7/8.
- SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-LD10-GALLEGOS-PNAS-NEXUS-2026--v1.0 — basis: Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "Gallegos et al., PNAS Nexus 2026"; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S18): R07 Batch 03 lines 121, 123; ledger C25 fields 6/7/8; KEY EVIDENCE line 944 of the locked LD-10 Living Debate.
- SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-LD10-PNAS-NEXUS-2025-MISLEADING-IMAGE-LABELS--v1.0 — basis: Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "PNAS Nexus 2025 misleading-image labelling study"; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S19): R07 Batch 03 lines 137, 139; ledger C25 fields 6/7/8.