Claim LD09-SL-C14 (v1.0)

In argumentative essays co-written with a language model, only the instruction-tuned model (InstructGPT) made essays more alike; the base model (GPT-3) did not, and the reduction in diversity came from the text the model contributed, while the users’ own text remained unaffected.

Provenance and status

Claim type: ESTIMATE (as printed: “ESTIMATE”)
Publication status: ELIGIBLE (QUALIFIED) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH QUALIFIER”)
Verification state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY (as printed: “CONTENT VERIFIED”; verified by: UNKNOWN)
Does not license: Effects of current models, or on essay quality
Source (field 6, as printed): Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196
Source type (field 7): PEER_REVIEWED_CONFERENCE_PAPER (as printed: “Peer-reviewed conference paper”)
Institutional position: Independent academic (New York University)
Maturity (claim evidence / publication maturity): EMERGING (as printed: “EMERGING”)
Recorded date: 2026-10-15
Currentness / correction: This is the current version. No correction or concern relation is recorded on its Sources.

Version

Pinned version v1.0 (entry LD09-SL-C14--v1.0) — this page never floats to newer evidence.

This pinned version is also the current version.

Versions:v1.0 · current

Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)

“Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196” → SRC-SL-PADMAKUMAR-HE-ICLR-2024--v1.0 — Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196; class PEER_REVIEWED_CONFERENCE_PAPER (explicit public provenance pin)

All 25 canonical Claim fields (raw values and normalized values)

#	Canonical field	Canonical value (verbatim)	Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2)
1	CLAIM ID	LD09-SL-C14	—
2	PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM	In argumentative essays co-written with a language model, only the instruction-tuned model (InstructGPT) made essays more alike; the base model (GPT-3) did not, and the reduction in diversity came from the text the model contributed, while the users’ own text remained unaffected.	—
3	CLAIM TYPE	ESTIMATE	base_types: ESTIMATE
4	RESEARCH STRAND	B — Creative work, writing and ideas	—
5	MATURITY	EMERGING	states: EMERGING
6	SOURCE	Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196	source_ids: SRC-SL-PADMAKUMAR-HE-ICLR-2024
7	SOURCE TYPE	Peer-reviewed conference paper	classes: PEER_REVIEWED_CONFERENCE_PAPER
8	INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	Independent academic (New York University)	—
9	SCOPE	Argumentative essays on ten topics	—
10	DESIGN	Controlled writing study with three setups (solo, base model, instruction-tuned model)	—
11	SAMPLE / DATASET	300 essays by paid native English-speaking writers	—
12	MODEL / TOOL / VERSION	GPT-3 (davinci) and InstructGPT (2022)	—
13	COMPARATOR	Essays written alone	—
14	MAIN RESULT	Key-point homogenization (Rouge-L): solo 0.1536, GPT-3 0.1578, InstructGPT 0.1660, with only InstructGPT significantly different; lexical and key-point diversity also lower with InstructGPT; user-written text unaffected	—
15	INFERENTIAL TARGET	Where in human–AI writing homogenization comes from	—
16	DOES NOT LICENSE	Effects of current models, or on essay quality	—
17	VERIFICATION STATE	CONTENT VERIFIED	state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · verified_by: UNKNOWN
18	LIMITATIONS	Small corpus; one genre; models from 2022; read in the arXiv version 3 (July 2024), posted after the ICLR 2024 acceptance; the proceedings version was not read	—
19	CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES	Not applicable	—
20	GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE	Not checked / English	—
21	DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER	Not recorded	—
22	R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS	LD-09, D3	—
23	WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM?	Replication with current models and tuning methods	—
24	PUBLICATION STATUS	ELIGIBLE WITH QUALIFIER	state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: QUALIFIED
25	RECORDED DATE	2026-10-15	—

Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: LD-09 (LIVING_DEBATE); D3 (DOMAIN)

Cited by Living Debate versions

LD-09 v0.1

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 30317c6bd9729368d9654d920bffac7cc18d23c9e1dbfac4a953b0a5a4eecc8b.

Repository-authored inputs (not Drive exports)

SocioLens claim — LD09-SL-C14 v1.0 (v1.0) — written in the SocioLens repository by Project Lead (Claude, AI) on 2026-10-15; no Drive identity exists. Authority: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 15 October 2026 to build the LD-09 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-09 source notes, checked against full texts or official abstracts. Block “ENTRY 14 — LD09-SL-C14” SHA-256 1c431a4f32f569fa7048f475f8aabb2f29e93590ff9e940702d9f00ba94ce2e4; fixture fixtures/authored/claims/LD09-SL-C14--v1.0.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the repository-authored claim fixture version (SocioLens claim — LD09-SL-C14 v1.0); the first version of a new Claim of the LD-09 debate
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: repository-authored claim "SocioLens claim — LD09-SL-C14 v1.0" (Project Lead (Claude, AI), 2026-10-15); basis: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 15 October 2026 to build the LD-09 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-09 source notes, checked against full texts or official abstracts
FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-SL-PADMAKUMAR-HE-ICLR-2024--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 14 — LD09-SL-C14 cites "Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196"; the only field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's repository-authored ledger block.
SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-SL-PADMAKUMAR-HE-ICLR-2024--v1.0 — basis: explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion (Amendment v1.2 §6): the pinned field-6 Source record "Padmakumar & He, “Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?,” ICLR 2024, arXiv:2309.05196".