Claim LD08-SL-C14 (v1.0)
Of 84 AI ethics guidelines collected worldwide by 2019, private companies issued the largest share (19, or 22.6%), ahead of governmental agencies (18) and academic and research institutions (9).
Research opportunities this claim motivates
What this claim leaves open for research. Each is a hypothesis about a gap, not a finding.
- Who writes research on AI's social effects outside arXiv?Companies issued the largest share of AI ethics guidelines collected by 2019.
Provenance and status
- Claim type
- FACT (as printed: “FACT”)
- Publication status
- ELIGIBLE (PREPRINT) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH PREPRINT QUALIFIER”)
- Verification state
- CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY (PREPRINT) (as printed: “CONTENT VERIFIED PREPRINT”; verified by: UNKNOWN)
- Does not license
- A claim about research, or about the share today
- Source (field 6, as printed)
- Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019
- Source type (field 7)
- PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (as printed: “Peer-reviewed journal article”)
- Institutional position
- Independent academic (ETH Zurich)
- Maturity (claim evidence / publication maturity)
- MATURE (as printed: “MATURE”)
- Recorded date
- 2026-10-16
- Currentness / correction
- This is the current version. No correction or concern relation is recorded on its Sources.
Version
Current version v1.0, resolved through the explicit current pointer CLAIM--LD08-SL-C14.
Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)
- “Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019” → SRC-SL-JOBIN-IENCA-VAYENA-NMI-2019--v1.0 — Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019; class PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (explicit public provenance pin)
All 25 canonical Claim fields (raw values and normalized values)
| # | Canonical field | Canonical value (verbatim) | Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CLAIM ID | LD08-SL-C14 | — |
| 2 | PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM | Of 84 AI ethics guidelines collected worldwide by 2019, private companies issued the largest share (19, or 22.6%), ahead of governmental agencies (18) and academic and research institutions (9). | — |
| 3 | CLAIM TYPE | FACT | base_types: FACT |
| 4 | RESEARCH STRAND | A — Who produces knowledge about AI | — |
| 5 | MATURITY | MATURE | states: MATURE |
| 6 | SOURCE | Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019 | source_ids: SRC-SL-JOBIN-IENCA-VAYENA-NMI-2019 |
| 7 | SOURCE TYPE | Peer-reviewed journal article | classes: PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE |
| 8 | INSTITUTIONAL POSITION | Independent academic (ETH Zurich) | — |
| 9 | SCOPE | AI ethics principles and guidelines published to 2019 | — |
| 10 | DESIGN | Scoping review and content analysis | — |
| 11 | SAMPLE / DATASET | 84 documents | — |
| 12 | MODEL / TOOL / VERSION | Not applicable | — |
| 13 | COMPARATOR | Other issuer types | — |
| 14 | MAIN RESULT | Private companies 19 (22.6%); governmental agencies 18 (21.4%); academic and research institutions 9 (10.7%); the US and UK together issued more than a third | — |
| 15 | INFERENTIAL TARGET | Who produced normative statements about AI early on | — |
| 16 | DOES NOT LICENSE | A claim about research, or about the share today | — |
| 17 | VERIFICATION STATE | CONTENT VERIFIED PREPRINT | state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · qualifiers: PREPRINT · verified_by: UNKNOWN |
| 18 | LIMITATIONS | Read in the preprint (arXiv:1906.11668, version 1, June 2019, headed “Preprint version” and titled “Artificial Intelligence: the global landscape of ethics guidelines”), which predates the journal article; search to 23 April 2019 in five languages, with an English-language bias; guidelines are not research | — |
| 19 | CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES | Ethics as contested ground: LD08-SL-C15 | — |
| 20 | GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE | Global / English | — |
| 21 | DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER | Issuers concentrated in the US, UK and other economically developed countries | — |
| 22 | R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS | LD-08, D3, D6 | — |
| 23 | WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM? | An updated count | — |
| 24 | PUBLICATION STATUS | ELIGIBLE WITH PREPRINT QUALIFIER | state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: PREPRINT |
| 25 | RECORDED DATE | 2026-10-16 | — |
Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: LD-08 (LIVING_DEBATE); D3 (DOMAIN); D6 (DOMAIN)
Cited by Living Debate versions
Research-of-record provenance
Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 614f90284aa697de0d4ba7ab2f56faff6201a38cfa0afa5637d7e7b1b4810c5b.
Repository-authored inputs (not Drive exports)
- SocioLens claim — LD08-SL-C14 v1.0 (v1.0) — written in the SocioLens repository by Project Lead (Claude, AI) on 2026-10-16; no Drive identity exists. Authority: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 16 October 2026 to build the LD-08 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-08 source notes, checked against full texts, official web pages or official abstracts. Block “ENTRY 14 — LD08-SL-C14” SHA-256
6e471e8233dad555ae2177a26475c5f3e59f47c118969a67aab4816b542cfdd9; fixturefixtures/authored/claims/LD08-SL-C14--v1.0.
Builder decisions (not Drive data)
- VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the repository-authored claim fixture version (SocioLens claim — LD08-SL-C14 v1.0); the first version of a new Claim of the LD-08 debate
- CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: repository-authored claim "SocioLens claim — LD08-SL-C14 v1.0" (Project Lead (Claude, AI), 2026-10-16); basis: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 16 October 2026 to build the LD-08 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-08 source notes, checked against full texts, official web pages or official abstracts
- FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-SL-JOBIN-IENCA-VAYENA-NMI-2019--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 14 — LD08-SL-C14 cites "Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019"; the only field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's repository-authored ledger block.
- SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-SL-JOBIN-IENCA-VAYENA-NMI-2019--v1.0 — basis: explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion (Amendment v1.2 §6): the pinned field-6 Source record "Jobin, Ienca & Vayena, “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines,” Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019".